Bartholinitis

Bacterial vaginosis (gardnerellosis, anaerobic vaginosis, nonspecific bacterial vaginitis, Gardnerella vaginitis) is a condition characterized by an imbalance of the vaginal microflora, typically accompanied by abundant vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor. Its prevalence among women ranges from 15% to 80%.

Causes

Predisposing factors include hormonal imbalances, excessive or uncontrolled antibiotic therapy, poor personal hygiene, multiple sexual partners, and intestinal dysbiosis. These factors may disrupt the balance between beneficial and opportunistic bacteria in the vaginal microflora.

Symptoms

The main complaints include vaginal discharge with a strong, unpleasant “fishy” odor (90%), itching and burning in the genital area (30%), and pain during sexual intercourse (23%).

During a gynecological examination, abundant whitish vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor may be detected. Redness of the vaginal mucosa is also frequently observed.

Diagnosis

Determination of vaginal pH.

Microscopic examination of vaginal smears (detection of clue cells).

Colposcopy.

Differential diagnosis: mycosis, trichomoniasis, nonspecific vaginitis, gonorrhea.

Treatment

Local antibacterial therapy using antibacterial vaginal suppositories.

Hormone therapy, when clinically indicated.

Antihistamines and local anesthetics.

Probiotic preparations to restore the normal vaginal microbiota.

Treatment is prescribed only after the diagnosis has been confirmed by a gynecologist.