Functional vaginismus

Vaginismus (vulvismus, colpospasm, vagodynia) is a painful condition characterized by involuntary spasms of the vaginal muscles during attempted penetration. This applies not only to penetrative sexual intercourse but also to the insertion of a gynecological speculum or tampon and the collection of a vaginal smear. The involuntary and painful muscle spasms associated with vaginismus can make penetrative intercourse and gynecological procedures extremely difficult or virtually impossible.

Causes

The causes of vaginismus are often related to psychological and emotional factors, such as fear of pain or negative beliefs about sexual activity. However, in some cases, vaginismus may develop following infectious diseases or vaginal trauma, including trauma associated with childbirth.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of vaginismus is primarily aimed at ruling out organic causes of the condition. In addition to consultation and examination by a gynecologist, during which the diagnosis is usually established, a gynecological ultrasound examination and assessment of the vaginal microbiota may be required.

Treatment

Treatment of vaginismus is highly individualized and focuses on addressing the underlying cause. A psychotherapist should be an integral part of the treatment program.