Cervical erosion

Cervical erosion (in modern medicine, the term “cervical ectopy” is more commonly used) is a condition in which part of the glandular lining of the cervical canal extends onto the vaginal portion of the cervix.

Causes

Cervical ectopy is associated with hormonal fluctuations, particularly changes in estrogen levels. The columnar epithelium lining the cervical canal is sensitive to estrogen. During puberty and pregnancy, the boundary of the columnar epithelium may shift toward the vaginal portion of the cervix, resulting in ectopy.

The previously widespread belief that cervical erosion can lead to various diseases or even cervical cancer is now considered unsupported. The risk of cervical cancer in women with cervical ectopy is not higher than in the general population. Cervical ectopy itself is very common and is found in approximately 50% of women.

Symptoms

Cervical ectopy is usually asymptomatic. In some cases, contact bleeding may occur during or after sexual intercourse. If cervicitis (associated inflammation of the cervix) is present, vaginal discharge may occur.

Diagnosis

Colposcopy is one of the primary methods used to evaluate cervical ectopy. Cervical cytology screening (Pap smear) should also be performed regularly — generally once every three years, or more frequently when clinically indicated.

Treatment

Treatment of cervical ectopy depends on its clinical manifestations. Asymptomatic cervical ectopy generally requires only regular follow-up.

If inflammation associated with the ectopy or contact bleeding is present, treatment options may include chemical coagulation, laser or radiofrequency ablation, or cryodestruction.

Electroconization may be indicated only in cases of significant cervical lesions, particularly in women who have previously given birth.