Varicocele

Varicocele is a condition characterized by varicose enlargement of the veins within the spermatic cord, resulting in impaired venous blood flow from the testicle. Varicocele may cause pulling or aching pain, a sensation of pressure, heaviness, and discomfort, as well as visibly enlarged veins in the scrotum.

In some cases, inflammation or rupture of the affected veins may occur, resulting in bleeding into the scrotum and requiring urgent surgical treatment.

Varicocele itself is not life-threatening, but it is one of the possible causes of male infertility.

Several grades of varicocele are distinguished:

Grade 0. Varicocele cannot be detected visually or by palpation and is identified only by ultrasound.

Grade 1. Enlarged veins cannot be palpated while lying down but can be detected while standing.

Grade 2. Enlarged veins can be palpated both while lying down and while standing.

Grade 3. Dilated veins are clearly visible.

Symptoms of Varicocele

Symptoms depend on the severity of the varicocele.

With Grade 0 and Grade 1 varicocele, there are usually no symptoms that would indicate the condition. It is often detected during a medical examination.

With Grade 2 varicocele, patients may experience scrotal pain ranging from mild to moderate and generally tolerable. The pain most commonly occurs during movement or physical activity. Some men may experience episodes of sharp pain resembling neuralgic pain. Increased sweating, heaviness, and a burning sensation in the scrotum may also occur.

With Grade 3 varicocele, pain may become persistent and occur regardless of movement or physical exertion. It may be particularly severe at night and may be accompanied by significant sexual dysfunction.